Recent I had to install MySQL on a RHEL 3 server. Normally I’d do this with RPMs but in this case the client needed an install that exactly matched another server which had been installed using the TAR/GZ binary distribution.
Here are the steps used for the install:
1. Download the binary TAR/GZ distribution. In this case it was named mysql-standard-4.1.13-pc-linux-gnu-i686.tar.gz and I downloaded it to /root/archive.
2. Unpack the distribution.
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cd /root/archive tar -xvzf mysql-standard-4.1.13-pc-linux-gnu-i686.tar.gz |
3. The steps provided in the INSTALL-BINARY text file included in the distribution outline the following steps:
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shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -g mysql mysql shell> cd /usr/local shell> gunzip < /PATH/TO/MYSQL-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf - shell> ln -s FULL-PATH-TO-MYSQL-VERSION-OS mysql shell> cd mysql shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql shell> chown -R root . shell> chown -R mysql data shell> chgrp -R mysql . shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & |
Taking these one at a time:
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shell> groupadd mysql |
Skip this step. The mysql group already exists so there is no need to add it.
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shell> useradd -g mysql mysql |
Skip this step. The mysql user already exists so there is no need to add it.
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shell> cd /usr/local shell> gunzip < /root/archive/mysql-standard-4.1.13-pc-linux-gnu-i686.tar.gz | tar xvf - shell> ln -s mysql-standard-4.1.13-pc-linux-gnu-i686 mysql |
Complete this steps as provided.
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shell> cd mysql shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql shell> chown -R root . shell> chown -R mysql data shell> chgrp -R mysql . |
Complete these steps as provided.
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shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & |
We’ll skip this step for now since we need to setup an init script for the server.
That’s it for the basic install. Now we need to:
1. Setup an init script and set the mysql server to start on boot.
2. Setup the my.cnf file.
3. Start the mysql server and set initial passwords.
4. Replace default mysql binary with a symlink to the new install.
Now one step at a time:
1. Setup an init script and set the mysql server to start on boot.
The mysql distribution includes a usable init script so we’ll copy it into place:
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cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql |
And then set the service to start on boot:
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/sbin/chkconfig --add mysql |
Now verify that the service will start at runlevels 2 to 5:
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/sbin/chkconfig --list mysql mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
Of course it’s never that easy. You’ll also need to edit the /etc/init.d/mysql script, find the line near the top like:
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basedir=. |
And change it to read:
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basedir=/usr/local/mysql |
2. Setup the my.cnf file.
The default RHEL install of mysql which we are not using provided an default my.cnf file. It is workable but we want to be consistent with our production server so we’ll copy it’s my.cnf file to /etc/my.cnf.
If you don’t want to copy the file from another server you can use one of the files provided as part of the mysql distribution in the support-files/ folder.
The my.cnf file that we are using moves the mysql data directroy to /var/lib/mysql.
3. Start the mysql server and set initial passwords.
Now we can start the mysql server with:
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/sbin/service mysql start |
And we can set the initial passwords with:
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./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password' |
4. Replace default mysql binary with a symlink to the new install.
We want to make sure that we use the new mysql binary instead of the old one. So we’ll remove the old binary and symlink the new one in it’s place.
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rm /usr/bin/mysql ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql |
And that’s it!